1-19
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Abstract: Amlodipine (AML) and Atenolol (ATN) are widely used antihypertensive agents frequently formulated in
combination therapy for improved blood pressure management. The present review summarizes and compares the analytical
methods reported for the simultaneous estimation of AML and ATN, including UV spectrophotometry, HPTLC, HPLC, UPLC, and
LC–MS/MS techniques. In addition to analytical performance, the environmental sustainability of these methods was evaluated
using green analytical chemistry concepts and Click Analytical Chemistry Index (CACI)-based assessment. Spectrophotometric
and HPTLC methods demonstrated superior environmental compatibility due to lower solvent consumption, reduced waste
generation, and minimal energy requirements. HPLC and UPLC methods provided excellent accuracy, precision, and robustness,
while LC–MS/MS techniques offered the highest sensitivity and selectivity for bioanalytical applications. Overall, the
comparative evaluation highlights the importance of balancing analytical efficiency with environmental sustainability and
supports the adoption of greener analytical approaches for the routine estimation of Amlodipine and Atenolol.

Key Words: Amlodipine, Atenolol, Analytical Technique, Method Validation, CACI Assessment, Chromatographic
Methods, Spectrophotometric Method.

20-29
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Abstract: The coir industry of Kerala represents one of South Asia’s oldest agro-based export industries, historically concentrated
in the port town of Alappuzha and deeply embedded in the region’s coastal economy. Despite its longevity and global market
presence, the industry exhibits a paradoxical development trajectory characterised by export growth alongside declining labour
absorption. This paper examines the coir industry from an ec onomic history perspective, tracing its transition from a labourintensive,

water-based production system to a mechanised, export-oriented industrial structure. Using secondary empirical
evidence drawn from export statistics, historical industrial records, and sectoral studies, the paper analyses three interlinked
processes: trade expansion under post-liberalisation regimes, productivity gains through mechanisation, and structural changes in
employment. The findings show that while trade reforms and product diversification have enhanced export competitiveness,
mechanisation has weakened the industry’s capacity to generate decent employment, particularly for women workers historically
central to coir production. Environmental and occupational constraints further function as economic limits rather than ecological
concerns, shaping regulatory intervention and production geography. The paper contributes to development economics by
situating the coir industry within debates on SDG 8, demonstrating how traditional industries in the Global South can achieve
growth without proportional employment expansion. By foregrounding historical path dependence and structural transformation,
the study offers insights relevant to regional industrial policy and labour-inclusive development strategies.
Key Words: Coir Industry; Economic History; Industrialisation; Labour Displacement; Exports; Kerala